Bed Bugs
Bed bugs were nearly eradicated in the mid-20th century with the widespread use of DDT. However, their populations have rebounded due to developed resistance to various pesticides, including DDT and organophosphates. Modern infestations are more challenging to control as some bed bug populations, such as those in Arkansas, are highly resistant to these chemicals. This resistance has driven the use of newer treatments, including synthetic pyrethroids, pyrrole insecticides like chlorfenapyr, and insect growth regulators such as hydroprene (Gentrol).
Despite these advances, certain highly toxic solutions, like the carbamate insecticide propoxur, are not approved for indoor use due to potential risks, particularly to children.
Pest Control
Bed bug infestations have surged globally since the mid-1990s. Reports from various regions, including the U.S. and the U.K., show infestations doubling year after year. This resurgence has been attributed to increased international travel, resistance to traditional pesticides, and changes in pest control methods that are less effective against bed bugs.
One theory suggests that bed bugs never truly disappeared but found alternative hosts, as evidenced by high populations in poultry facilities. Workers unknowingly spread these pests to homes and other locations.
Bed bug resistance to pesticides has grown dramatically. For instance, New York City bed bugs are significantly more resistant to deltamethrin than those in Florida due to genetic mutations. Additionally, the shift from broad-spectrum insecticides to targeted baits for cockroaches and ants has allowed bed bugs to avoid indirect treatment, making them harder to control.
Managing bed bugs today requires advanced techniques and targeted solutions to combat their adaptability and resistance.